Reis van Washington DC naar The Keys7 juli tot 31 juli 2008 | ||
1) Washington DC van 7 tot 10 juli 2008 | ||
| Korte beschrijving geschiedenis Virginia Deze staat beroemt zich graag en vaak op zijn lange geschiedenis. In 1607 stichtten kolonisten in Jamestown de eerste nederzetting. Vanaf 1624 was Virginia een Britse kolonie - de belangrijkste kolonie, ook wel The Old Dominion genoemd. De staat dijde steeds verder uit naarmate het westen meer werd ontgonnen, op gegeven moment zelfs tot aan de rivier de Mississippi. Maar ook qua mensen leverde Virginia veel beroemde Amerikanen, vooral in de achttiende eeuw, de eeuw van de Amerikaanse onafhankelijkheid. George Washington en Thomas Jefferson kwamen uit Virginia (van de eerste vijf presidenten kwam alleen John Adams niet uit deze staat). Van alle staten heeft Virginia misschien wel het meeste historische materiaal te bieden uit de tijd tot het midden van de negentiende eeuw, van Colonial Williamsburg tot Monticello, het huis van Thomas Jefferson. Tijdens de Burgeroorlog was Virginia, door zijn slavenhouders, zijn grootte en zijn strategische ligging één van de leidende staten. De hoofdstad van de Zuidelijken werd in Richmond gevestigd en veel van de grote slagen in de oorlog vonden plaats in Virginia (Manassas, Fredericksburg etc.) | ||
2) Route: Washington, DC. – Shenandoah National Park via Skyline drive naar Waynesboro 10 juli
Bron: Lannoo's Reisgids Dwars door de USA: Het platteland. Route 5 pagina 70 ISBN 9789020944312 Route: In Washington: Constitution Ave, die overgaat in de Interstate 66, naar het westen tot afrit 13 (Linden). Bord Skyline Drive volgen. Door Front Real op de S 55 naar het westen, op het eind van het plaatsje links de US 340 naar het zuiden . Via de SKYLINE Drive door het Shenandoah National Park (35 m.p.h. Verlaat het Shenandoah Natinal Park aan kruispunt 250, volg de Interstate 64 en de wegwijzer Waynesboro. Afstand 201 km of 126 mijl. Duur 3,5 uur
Een panoramisch overzicht vanaf een van de uitkijkpunten die er in talrijke mate aanwezig zijn. Wij besloten om het laatste stuk via Swifftruss naar Harrisonburg en de Interstate 81 te rijden naar Waynesboro.
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| 3) Waynesboro van 10 tot 13 juli
Stautan heeft 25.000 inwoners en werd in 1732 gesticht en dankt zijn ontwikkeling vooral aan de spoorweg en de mijnbouw. De Burgeroorlog woedde niet in Stauton. Stauton is een prachtig stadje om te bezoeken.
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Plattegrond Stauton
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Kaart van Augusta County | ||
| 2e dag verblijf Waynesboro bezoek aan Charlottesville en naar Monticello Huis Thomas Jefferson.
Een uur rijden ten noordwesten van Richmond ligt dit voorname universiteitsstadje (45.000 inwoners) aan de voet van de Blue Rich Mountains. Hier bevind zich het landgoed Monticello van de geleerde en derde Amerikaanse president Thomas Jefferson. Openingstijden maart-okt 8:00-17:00 uur $ 13 entree. www.monticello.org Aan Interstate 64, exit 121; op Rte 20S, borden volgen. Het bezoek aan Monticello was zeer indrukwekkend. Dat betreft zowel het landgoed zelf als het door Jefferson steeds uitgebreide huis. Twee uitspraken van Thomas Jefferson, waarin ik me goed kan vinden zijn: Uit 1815: 'I cannot Live without Books' en uit 1825: 'Never spend your money before you have it'. Vooral de laatste uitspraak krijgt in deze dagen steeds meer betekenis bij een Amerikaans begrotingstekort van president Bush voor het budgetjaar 2009 van niet minder dan 490 triljoen dollar. Hoewel tijdens de rondleiding de suggestie werd gewekt dat Jefferson geen kind zou hebben verwekt bij een van zijn slaven is het toch historisch een feit dat het wel zo was. Het blijft natuurlijk vreemd dat Jefferson gebruikt maakte op zijn plantage van zo'n 200 slaven, ook al verkreeg hij er honderd door overerving, terwijl hij een kind was van de Verlichting en aan de basis zou staan van de Amerikaanse Constitutie waarin plechtig wordt verklaard dat iedere mens gelijk is.
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| Brief Biography of Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Born April 13, 1743, at Shadwell, Virginia; died July 4, 1826, Monticello Thomas Jefferson -- author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia -- voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades. His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families. Having inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, Jefferson began building Monticello when he was twenty-six years old. Three years later, he married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he lived happily for ten years until her death. Their marriage produced six children, but only two survived to adulthood. Jefferson, who never remarried, maintained Monticello as his home throughout his life, always expanding and changing the house. Jefferson inherited slaves from both his father and father-in-law. In a typical year, he owned about 200, almost half of them under the age of sixteen. About eighty of these lived at Monticello; the others lived on adjacent Albemarle County plantations, and on his Poplar Forest estate in Bedford County, Virginia. Jefferson freed two slaves in his lifetime and five in his will and chose not to pursue two others who ran away. All were members of the Hemings family; the seven he eventually freed were skilled tradesmen. Having attended the College of William and Mary, Jefferson practiced law and served in local government as a magistrate, county lieutenant, and member of the House of Burgesses in his early professional life. As a member of the Continental Congress, he was chosen in 1776 to draft the Declaration of Independence, which has been regarded ever since as a charter of American and universal liberties. The document proclaims that all men are equal in rights, regardless of birth, wealth, or status, and that the government is the servant, not the master, of the people. After Jefferson left Congress in 1776, he returned to Virginia and served in the legislature. Elected governor from 1779 to 1781, he suffered an inquiry into his conduct during his last year in office that, although finally fully repudiated, left him with a life-long pricklishness in the face of criticism. During the brief private interval in his life following his governorship, Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia. In 1784, he entered public service again, in France, first as trade commissioner and then as Benjamin Franklin's successor as minister. During this period, he avidly studied European culture, sending home to Monticello, books, seeds and plants, statues and architectural drawings, scientific instruments, and information. In 1790 he accepted the post of secretary of state under his friend George Washington. His tenure was marked by his opposition to the pro-British policies of Alexander Hamilton. In 1796, as the presidential candidate of the Democratic Republicans, he became vice-president after losing to John Adams by three electoral votes. Four years later, he defeated Adams and became president, the first peaceful transfer of authority from one party to another in the history of the young nation. Perhaps the most notable achievements of his first term were the purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803 and his support of the Lewis and Clark expedition. His second term, a time when he encountered more difficulties on both the domestic and foreign fronts, is most remembered for his efforts to maintain neutrality in the midst of the conflict between Britain and France; his efforts did not avert war with Britain in 1812. Jefferson was succeeded as president in 1809 by his friend James Madison, and during the last seventeen years of his life, he remained at Monticello. During this period, he sold his collection of books to the government to form the nucleus of the Library of Congress. Jefferson embarked on his last great public service at the age of seventy-six, with the founding of the University of Virginia. He spearheaded the legislative campaign for its charter, secured its location, designed its buildings, planned its curriculum, and served as the first rector. Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, just hours before his close friend John Adams, on the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. He was eighty-three years old, the holder of large debts, but according to all evidence a very optimistic man. It was Jefferson's wish that his tomb stone reflect the things that he had given the people, not the things that the people had given to him. Zie voor alle achtergronden de historisch meer dan uitstekende site: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflife.html
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| 4) Van Waynesboro naar Colonial Williamsburg via Interstate 64, daarna naar Jamestown Settlement 13 juli 2008
Verblijf in Hotel Jamestown Days Hotel Williamsburg Busch Gardens Area Colonial Williamsburg. Zo 8:30-18:00 uur, dagkaart $ 37, verkrijgbaar bij het Colonial Williamsburg Visitor Center, tussen Rte, 132 en Colonial Parkway, I-64, exit 238. www.williamsburg.com Drie kwartier rijden ten zuidoosten van Richmond ligt Williamsburg (11.500 inwoners), in 1632 gesticht en vanaf 1699 hoofdstad van de kolonie Virginia. De stad was het maatschappelijk middelpunt van de plantersaristocratie, maar nadat in 1780 Richmond hoofdstad werd, volgde een periode van neergang. Williamsburg, Jamestown en Yorktown vormen de zogenoemde Historic Triangle, respectievelijk de tweede koloniale hoofdstad van Virgania, de eerste permanente Engelse nederzetting in Amerika en de plaats waar één van de grote Revolutionary War overwinningen werd bevochten. Virginia is een historische staat bij uitstek. Tussen de eerste kolonisaties en het eind van de Burgeroorlog gebeurde hier zo ongeveer alles wat voor de geschiedenis van de VS van belang was. In de jaren dertig financierde John D. Rockefeller de verandering van grote delen van de stad in het grootste openluchtmuseum van de VS. Colonial Williasburg toont de oude hoofdstad in het jaar 1775. Colonial Williamsburg biedt 88 originele bouwwerken, enige tientallen reconstructies, en zestig tuinen. Als u maar één of twee dagen heeft, dan moeten het Governor's Palace, de Capitol en het Courthouse op het programma staan. De leukste stukken van uw bezoek zijn de oude ambachten. Ze zijn inzichtelijk en uitstekend uitgevoerd. Verder dient u een taveerne te bezoeken, en zo mogelijk Whyte House, Randolph House en Geddy House. Willamsburg is een soort open lucht museum. Een aantal gebouwen zijn echt authentiek zoals bijvoorbeeld het Governor's Palace. Zie onderstaande foto.
Jamestown Settelment Een uurtje ten zuidoosten van Richmond lag ooit aan wat nu de Colonial Parkway is de eerste Engelse nederzetting in Amerika. In 1607 vestigden zich hier 104 kolonisten in opdracht van de London Virginia Company. Jamestown herleefde toen er in 1957 weer een Settelment werd neergezet: versterkt met pallisaden en bewoond door net zulke kolonisten als in 1607. Niet ver daarvandaan staan op Jamestown island de ruïnes van de echte nederzetting. Een tweede museum documenteert de opgravingen (dag. 8:30-16:30 uur, toegang $6, Colonial Parkway, www.apva.org. Na aankomst bij Jamestown Settelment bleek dat al gesloten te zijn. Het was een zondag en dan sluit men om 18:00 uur. We genoten wel van een prachtige natuur en gingen daarna heerlijk eten in een Italiaans Restaurant.
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| History First Settlement in Virginia In June of 1606, King James I granted a charter to a group of London entrepreneurs, the Virginia Company, to establish a satellite English settlement in the Chesapeake region of North America. By December, 104 settlers sailed from London instructed to settle Virginia, find gold and a water route to the Orient. Some traditional scholars of early Jamestown history believe that those pioneers could not have been more ill-suited for the task. Because Captain John Smith identified about half of the group as "gentlemen", it was logical, indeed, for historians to assume that these gentry knew nothing of or thought it beneath their station to tame a wilderness. Recent historical and archaeological research at the site of Jamestown suggest that at least some of the gentlemen and certainly many of the artisans, craftsmen, and laborers that accompanied them all made every effort to make the colony succeed. On May 14, 1607, the Virginia Company explorers landed on Jamestown Island, to establish the Virginia English colony on the banks of the James River 60 miles from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. By one account, they landed there because the deep water channel let their ships ride close to shore; close enough, to moor them to the trees. Recent discovery of the exact location of the first settlement and its fort indicates that the actual settlement site was in a more secure place, away from the channel, where Spanish ships, could not fire point blank into the Fort. Almost immediately after landing, the colonists were under attack from what amounted to the on-again off-again enemy, the Algonquian natives. As a result, in a little over a months' time, the newcomers managed to "beare and plant palisadoes" enough to build a wooden fort. Three contemporary accounts and a sketch of the fort agree that its wooden palisaded walls formed a triangle around a storehouse, church, and a number of houses. While disease, famine and continuing attacks of neighboring Algonquians took a tremendous toll on the population, there were times when the Powhatan Indian trade revived the colony with food for copper and iron implements. It appears that eventual structured leadership of Captain John Smith kept the colony from dissolving. The "starving time" winter followed Smith's departure in 1609 during which only 60 of the original 214 settlers at Jamestown survived. That June, the survivors decided to bury cannon and armor and abandon the town. It was only the arrival of the new governor, Lord De La Ware, and his supply ships that brought the colonists back to the fort and the colony back on its feet. Although the suffering did not totally end at Jamestown for decades, some years of peace and prosperity followed the wedding of Pocahontas, the favored daughter of the Algonquian chief Powhatan, to tobacco entrepreneur John Rolfe. The first representative assembly in the New World convened in the Jamestown church on July 30, 1619. The General Assembly met in response to orders from the Virginia Company "to establish one equal and uniform government over all Virginia" which would provide "just laws for the happy guiding and governing of the people there inhabiting." The other crucial event that would play a role in the development of America was the arrival of Africans to Jamestown. A Dutch slave trader excanged his cargo of Africans for food in 1619. The Africans became indentured servants, similar in legal position to many poor Englishmen who traded several years labor in exchange for passage to America. The popular conception of a race-based slave system did not fully develop until the 1680's. The Algonquians eventually became disenchanted and, in 1622, attacked the out plantations killing over 300 of the settlers. Even though a last minute warning spared Jamestown, the attack on the colony and mismanagement of the Virginia Company at home convinced the King that he should revoke the Virginia Company Charter. Virginia became a crown colony in 1624. The fort seems to have existed into the middle of the 1620s, but as Jamestown grew into a "New Town" to the east, written reference to the original fort disappear. Jamestown remained the capital of Virginia until its major statehouse, located on the western end of the APVA property, burned in 1698. The capital was moved to Williamsburg that year and Jamestown began to slowly disappear above ground. By the 1750s the land was owned and heavily cultivated primarily by the Travis and Ambler families. A military post was located on the island during the American Revolution, and American and British prisoners were exchanged there. In 1861 the island was occupied by Confederate soldiers who built an earth fort near the church as part of the defense system to block the Union advance up the James River. Little further attention was paid to Jamestown until preservation was undertaken in the twentieth century. In 1893 Jamestown was owned by Mr. And Mrs. Edward Barney. The Barneys gave 22.5 acres of land, including the 1639 church tower, to the APVA. By this time James River erosion had eaten away the island's western shore; visitors began to conclude that the site of James Fort lay completely underwater. With federal assistance, a sea wall was constructed in 1900 to protect the area from further erosion. The remaining acreage on the island was acquired by the National Park Service in 1934 as part of the Colonial National Historical Park. Today, Jamestown is jointly operated by the APVA and NPS Bron http://historicjamestowne.org/history/ Zie ook: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/jamestown/
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| Zie voor vervolg: Reis van Washington DC naar The Keys Deel 2
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| 08-08-08 drs.J.W.Swaen www.blikopdewereld.nl |
















Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial 

Van hier uit via Interstate 64 brachten we een bezoek aan Stauton de geboorteplaats van President Woodrow Wilson. Voor de kenners bekend om zijn rol tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog en de Amerikaanse deelname eraan. Na de Eerste Wereldoorlog was de VS definitief een wereldmacht en de dollar een wereldmunt geworden.





